[译]IntelliTask-著名任务管理器的替代Windows版本

原文地址：https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/867009/IntelliTask-An-Alternative-Windows-Version-to-the

原文作者：Ștefan-Mihai MOGA

译文由本站 robot-v1.0 翻译

前言

Task Manager shows you the programs, processes, and services that are currently running on your computer. You can use Task Manager to monitor your computer’s performance or to close a program that is not responding.

任务管理器向您显示计算机上当前正在运行的程序,进程和服务.您可以使用任务管理器来监视计算机的性能或关闭没有响应的程序.

In this article we do a brief overview of IntelliTask’s parameters, return values, and architecture.

在本文中,我们简要概述了IntelliTask的参数,返回值和体系结构.

• 下载源代码(来自GitLab)(Download source code (from GitLab))
• 下载可执行文件(外部站点)(Download executable (external site))

介绍(Introduction)

任务管理器向您显示计算机上当前正在运行的程序,进程和服务.您可以使用任务管理器来监视计算机的性能或关闭没有响应的程序.(Task Manager shows you the programs, processes, and services that are currently running on your computer. You can use Task Manager to monitor your computer’s performance or to close a program that is not responding.)

背景(Background)

检查当前正在运行的进程的最简单方法是创建内存快照.为此,我们使用(The easiest way to check the current running processes is to create a snapshot of memory. To accomplish this, we use) CreateToolhelp32Snapshot ,(,) Process32First 和(, and) Process32Next 函数,其语法如下:(functions, which has the following syntax:)

HANDLE WINAPI CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(
	DWORD dwFlags,
	DWORD th32ProcessID
);

参量(Parameters)

• dwFlags :要包含在快照中的系统部分.此参数可以是以下值之一或多个:(: The portions of the system to be included in the snapshot. This parameter can be one or more of the following values:) TH32CS_INHERIT (表示快照句柄是可继承的),((indicates that the snapshot handle is to be inheritable),) TH32CS_SNAPALL (包括系统中的所有进程和线程,以及th32ProcessID中指定的进程的堆和模块.),((includes all processes and threads in the system, plus the heaps and modules of the process specified in th32ProcessID.),) TH32CS_SNAPHEAPLIST (包括快照中th32ProcessID中指定的进程的所有堆.),((includes all heaps of the process specified in th32ProcessID in the snapshot.),) TH32CS_SNAPMODULE (包括快照中th32ProcessID中指定的进程的所有模块.),((includes all modules of the process specified in th32ProcessID in the snapshot.),) TH32CS_SNAPMODULE32 (包括从64位进程调用时快照中th32ProcessID中指定的进程的所有32位模块.),((includes all 32-bit modules of the process specified in th32ProcessID in the snapshot when called from a 64-bit process.),) TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS (在快照中包括系统中的所有进程.),以及((includes all processes in the system in the snapshot.), and) TH32CS_SNAPTHREAD (在快照中包括系统中的所有线程).((includes all threads in the system in the snapshot).)
• th32ProcessID :要包含在快照中的流程的流程标识符.此参数可以为零以指示当前进程.当(: The process identifier of the process to be included in the snapshot. This parameter can be zero to indicate the current process. This parameter is used when the) TH32CS_SNAPHEAPLIST ,(,) TH32CS_SNAPMODULE ,(,) TH32CS_SNAPMODULE32 , 要么(, or) TH32CS_SNAPALL 指定值.否则,它将被忽略并且所有进程都包含在快照中.(value is specified. Otherwise, it is ignored and all processes are included in the snapshot.)

返回值(Return Value)

如果函数成功,它将返回打开的句柄到指定的快照.(If the function succeeds, it returns an open handle to the specified snapshot.)

如果函数失败,则返回(If the function fails, it returns) INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE .要获取扩展的错误信息,请致电(. To get extended error information, call) GetLastError .可能的错误代码包括(. Possible error codes include) ERROR_BAD_LENGTH .(.)

BOOL WINAPI Process32First(
	HANDLE hSnapshot,
	LPPROCESSENTRY32 lppe
);
BOOL WINAPI Process32Next(
	HANDLE hSnapshot,
	LPPROCESSENTRY32 lppe
);

参量(Parameters)

• hSnapshot :从上一次调用返回的快照的句柄(: A handle to the snapshot returned from a previous call to the) CreateToolhelp32Snapshot 功能.(function.)
• lppe :指向a的指针(: A pointer to a) PROCESSENTRY32 结构体.它包含进程信息,例如可执行文件的名称,进程标识符和父进程的进程标识符.(structure. It contains process information such as the name of the executable file, the process identifier, and the process identifier of the parent process.)

返回值(Return Value)

退货(Returns) TRUE 如果进程列表的第一项已复制到缓冲区,或者(if the first entry of the process list has been copied to the buffer or) FALSE 除此以外.的(otherwise. The) ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES 错误值由(error value is returned by the) GetLastError 如果不存在任何进程或快照不包含进程信息,则该函数起作用.(function if no processes exist or the snapshot does not contain process information.)

因此,我们使用上述功能的实现将是:(So, our implementation using the above functions will be:)

BOOL CSystemSnapshot::Refresh()
{
   HANDLE hSnapshot = NULL;
   PROCESSENTRY32 pe32 = { 0 };

   VERIFY(RemoveAll());
   if ((hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0)) != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
   {
      pe32.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
      if (!Process32First(hSnapshot, &pe32))
      {
         return FALSE;
      }

      do
      {
         VERIFY(InsertProcess(pe32));
      } while (Process32Next(hSnapshot, &pe32));

      VERIFY(CloseHandle(hSnapshot));
   }
   else
   {
      return FALSE;
   }
   return TRUE;
}

BOOL CSystemSnapshot::InsertProcess(PROCESSENTRY32& pe32)
{
   HANDLE hProcess = NULL;
   PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS pmc = { 0 };
   pmc.cb = sizeof(PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS);

   CProcessData* pProcessData = new CProcessData();
   m_arrProcessList.Add(pProcessData);
   pProcessData->SetProcessID(pe32.th32ProcessID);
   pProcessData->SetParentProcessID(pe32.th32ParentProcessID);
   pProcessData->SetFileName(pe32.szExeFile);

   if ((hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | 
   			PROCESS_VM_READ, FALSE, pe32.th32ProcessID)) != NULL)
   {
      pProcessData->m_pCpuUsage.SetProcessID(pe32.th32ProcessID);
      pProcessData->SetProcessorUsage(pProcessData->m_pCpuUsage.GetUsage());
      if (GetProcessMemoryInfo(hProcess, &pmc, pmc.cb))
      {
         pProcessData->SetMemoryUsage(pmc.WorkingSetSize);
      }

      TCHAR lpszFullPath[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
      if (GetModuleFileNameEx(hProcess, NULL, lpszFullPath, MAX_PATH))
      {
         CVersionInfo pVersionInfo;
         if (pVersionInfo.Load(lpszFullPath))
         {
            pProcessData->SetDescription(pVersionInfo.GetFileDescription());
            pProcessData->SetCompany(pVersionInfo.GetCompanyName());
            pProcessData->SetVersion(pVersionInfo.GetFileVersionAsString());
         }
      }
      VERIFY(CloseHandle(hProcess));
   }
   return TRUE;
}

CProcessData* CSystemSnapshot::UpdateProcess(DWORD dwProcessID)
{
   HANDLE hProcess = NULL;
   PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS pmc = { 0 };
   pmc.cb = sizeof(PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS);

   CProcessData* pProcessData = GetProcessID(dwProcessID);
   if (pProcessData != NULL)
   {
      if ((hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | 
                 PROCESS_VM_READ, FALSE, dwProcessID)) != NULL)
      {
         pProcessData->SetProcessorUsage(pProcessData->m_pCpuUsage.GetUsage());
         if (GetProcessMemoryInfo(hProcess, &pmc, pmc.cb))
         {
            pProcessData->SetMemoryUsage(pmc.WorkingSetSize);
         }
         VERIFY(CloseHandle(hProcess));
      }
      return pProcessData;
   }
   return NULL;
}

架构(The Architecture)

每个流程定义都包含在(Each process definition is contained in a) CProcessData 类,具有以下接口:(class, with the following interface:)

• DWORD GetProcessID(); -获取当前流程定义的ID(- Gets ID of the current process definition)
• SetProcessID(DWORD dwProcessID); -设置当前流程定义的ID(- Sets ID for the current process definition)
• DWORD GetParentProcessID(); -获取当前流程定义的上级流程ID(- Gets parent’s process ID for current process definition)
• void SetParentProcessID(DWORD dwParentProcessID); -为当前流程定义设置父级的流程ID(- Sets parent’s process ID for current process definition)
• DWORD GetPriority(); -获取当前流程定义的优先级(- Gets priority for current process definition)
• void SetPriority(DWORD dwPriority); -设置当前流程定义的优先级(- Sets priority for current process definition)
• DOUBLE GetProcessorUsage(); -获取当前进程定义的CPU使用率(- Gets CPU usage for current process definition)
• void SetProcessorUsage(DOUBLE cpuUsage); -设置当前进程定义的CPU使用率(- Sets CPU usage for current process definition)
• DWORD GetMemoryUsage(); -获取当前进程定义的内存使用情况(- Gets memory usage for current process definition)
• void SetMemoryUsage(DWORD memUsage); -设置当前进程定义的内存使用情况(- Sets memory usage for current process definition)
• CString GetFileName(); -获取当前流程定义的文件名(- Gets file name for current process definition)
• void SetFileName(CString strFileName); -设置当前流程定义的文件名(- Sets file name for current process definition)
• CString GetFilePath(); -获取当前流程定义的文件路径(- Gets file path for current process definition)
• void SetFilePath(CString strFilePath); -设置当前流程定义的文件路径(- Sets file path for current process definition)
• CString GetDescription(); -获取当前流程定义的描述(- Gets description for current process definition)
• void SetDescription(CString strDescription); -设置当前流程定义的描述(- Sets description for current process definition)
• CString GetCompany(); -获得有关当前流程定义的公司(- Gets company for current process definition)
• void SetCompany(CString strCompany); -为当前流程定义设置公司(- Sets company for current process definition)
• CString GetVersion(); -获取当前流程定义的版本(- Gets version for current process definition)
• void SetVersion(CString strVersion); -设置当前流程定义的版本(- Sets version for current process definition) 然后,我们定义(Then, we define) CProcessList 如(as) typedef CArray<CProcessData*> CProcessList; .(.)

此列表在(This list is managed inside the) CSystemSnapshot 类,具有以下接口:(class, with the following interface:)

• BOOL RemoveAll(); -从列表中删除所有流程定义(- Removes all process definitions from list)
• int GetSize(); -获取流程定义列表的大小(- Gets the size of process definition list)
• CProcessData* GetAt(int nIndex); -Geta列表中的流程定义(- Geta an process definition from list)
• BOOL Refresh(); -从列表更新每个流程定义的状态(- Updates the status for each process definition from list)
• BOOL InsertProcess(PROCESSENTRY32& pe32); -将流程定义插入列表(- Inserts a process definition into list)
• CProcessData* UpdateProcess(DWORD dwProcessID); -从列表更新流程定义(- Updates a process definition from list)
• BOOL DeleteProcess(DWORD dwProcessID); -从列表中删除流程定义(- Removes a process definition from list)

兴趣点(Points of Interest)

IntelliTask面临的挑战是计算每个进程的确切CPU使用率,如下所示:(The challenge for IntelliTask was to compute exact CPU usage for each process, as shown below:)

CpuUsage::CpuUsage(void)
   : m_dwProcessID(0)
   , m_nCpuUsage(-1)
   , m_dwLastRun(0)
   , m_lRunCount(0)
{
   ZeroMemory(&m_ftPrevSysKernel, sizeof(FILETIME));
   ZeroMemory(&m_ftPrevSysUser, sizeof(FILETIME));
   ZeroMemory(&m_ftPrevProcKernel, sizeof(FILETIME));
   ZeroMemory(&m_ftPrevProcUser, sizeof(FILETIME));
}

/**********************************************
* CpuUsage::GetUsage
* returns the percent of the CPU that this process
* has used since the last time the method was called.
* If there is not enough information, -1 is returned.
* If the method is recalled to quickly, the previous value
* is returned.
***********************************************/
DOUBLE CpuUsage::GetUsage()
{
   HANDLE hProcess = NULL;
   // create a local copy to protect against race conditions in setting the member variable
   DOUBLE nCpuCopy = m_nCpuUsage;
   if (::InterlockedIncrement(&m_lRunCount) == 1)
   {
      // If this is called too often, the measurement itself will greatly affect the results.
      if (!EnoughTimePassed())
      {
         ::InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRunCount);
         return nCpuCopy;
      }

      FILETIME ftSysIdle, ftSysKernel, ftSysUser;
      FILETIME ftProcCreation, ftProcExit, ftProcKernel, ftProcUser;
      if ((hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | 
              PROCESS_VM_READ, FALSE, m_dwProcessID)) != NULL)
      {
         if (!GetSystemTimes(&ftSysIdle, &ftSysKernel, &ftSysUser) ||
            !GetProcessTimes(hProcess, &ftProcCreation,
            &ftProcExit, &ftProcKernel, &ftProcUser))
         {
            ::InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRunCount);
            CloseHandle(hProcess);
            return nCpuCopy;
         }
         CloseHandle(hProcess);
         hProcess = NULL;

         /* CPU usage is calculated by getting the total amount of time 
         the system has operated since the last measurement 
         (made up of kernel + user) and the total
         amount of time the process has run (kernel + user) */
         ULONGLONG ftSysIdleDiff = SubtractTimes(ftSysIdle, m_ftPrevSysIdle);
         ULONGLONG ftSysKernelDiff = SubtractTimes(ftSysKernel, m_ftPrevSysKernel);
         ULONGLONG ftSysUserDiff = SubtractTimes(ftSysUser, m_ftPrevSysUser);

         ULONGLONG ftProcKernelDiff = SubtractTimes(ftProcKernel, m_ftPrevProcKernel);
         ULONGLONG ftProcUserDiff = SubtractTimes(ftProcUser, m_ftPrevProcUser);

         ULONGLONG nTotalSys =  ftSysKernelDiff + ftSysUserDiff;
         ULONGLONG nTotalProc = ftProcKernelDiff + ftProcUserDiff;

         if (nTotalSys > 0)
         {
            m_nCpuUsage = ((100.0 * nTotalProc) / nTotalSys);
         }

         m_ftPrevSysIdle = ftSysIdle;
         m_ftPrevSysKernel = ftSysKernel;
         m_ftPrevSysUser = ftSysUser;
         m_ftPrevProcKernel = ftProcKernel;
         m_ftPrevProcUser = ftProcUser;

         m_dwLastRun = GetTickCount64();
         nCpuCopy = m_nCpuUsage;
      }
   }

   ::InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRunCount);
   return nCpuCopy;
}

ULONGLONG CpuUsage::SubtractTimes(const FILETIME& ftA, const FILETIME& ftB)
{
   LARGE_INTEGER a, b;
   a.LowPart = ftA.dwLowDateTime;
   a.HighPart = ftA.dwHighDateTime;
   b.LowPart = ftB.dwLowDateTime;
   b.HighPart = ftB.dwHighDateTime;
   return a.QuadPart - b.QuadPart;
}

bool CpuUsage::EnoughTimePassed()
{
   const int minElapsedMS = 250; //milliseconds
   ULONGLONG dwCurrentTickCount = GetTickCount64();
   return (dwCurrentTickCount - m_dwLastRun) > minElapsedMS;
}

最后的话(Final Words)

IntelliTask应用程序使用已在The Code Project上发布的许多组件.非常感谢:(IntelliTask application uses many components that have been published on The Code Project. Many thanks to:)

• 我的(my) CMFCListView 表单视图(请参阅(form view (see) 源代码(source code) );();)
• PJ诺特为他(PJ Naughter for his) CVersionInfo 类.(class.) 进一步的计划(Further plans):我想增加对(: I would like to add support for)服务(services),以及其他(, and additional)**管理职能(management functions)**尽快进行处理.(for processes as soon as possible.)

历史(History)

• 版本1.3(18(Version 1.3 (18)日(th)2014年1月)-初始版本(January, 2014) - Initial release)
• 将源代码从CodeProject移至GitLab(7(Moved source code from CodeProject to GitLab (7)日(th)2019年12月)(December, 2019))

许可

本文以及所有相关的源代码和文件均已获得The Code Project Open License (CPOL)的许可。