[译]网络重播2-自动化的网络测试

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[译]网络重播2-自动化的网络测试

原文地址：https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/11332/Web-Replay-2-Automated-Web-Testing

原文作者：Emmanuel Kartmann

译文由本站 robot-v1.0 翻译

前言

This article presents an automated software testing tool for web applications (Internet/Intranet) based on Internet Explorer.

本文介绍了一种基于Internet Explorer的针对Web应用程序(Internet/Intranet)的自动化软件测试工具.

介绍(Introduction)

Web Replay 2是(Web Replay 2 is an)Web应用程序的自动化软件测试工具(automated software testing tool for Web applications).通过重播场景以测试应用程序,它有助于检测Web应用程序中的错误和回归.使用Web Replay 2,您可以(. It helps in detecting bugs and regressions in web applications by replaying scenarios to test the application. Using Web Replay 2, you can)**自动地(automatically)**导航(navigate)**到网页(to a web page,)**填写(fill in)**表格栏位(form fields,)**点击(click)**单击提交(确定)按钮,然后继续到另一个网页.要使用Web Replay 2,(on the Submit (OK) button, and then continue to another web page. To use Web Replay 2,)生成一个JavaScript场景文件(build a JavaScript Scenario File)(请参见下文),在编辑框中输入文件名,然后单击"重播"按钮.((see below), type the name of the file in the edit box and click on the Replay button.)

背景(Background)

Web Replay 2基于Microsoft的Internet Explorer 6.0,(Web Replay 2 is based on Microsoft’s Internet Explorer 6.0,) DHTML行为(DHTML behaviors) 和JavaScript(与(and JavaScript (unlike) 网络重播1(Web Replay 1) 在C ++/COM中实现).(that was implemented in C++/COM).)

Web Replay 2使用FRAMESET并将DHTML行为附加到(Web Replay 2 uses a FRAMESET with a DHTML behavior attached to the) onload 底部框架的事件,以执行一些JavaScript代码来播放场景.它仅在脚本中实现(在Internet Explorer中运行的客户端JavaScript和在ASP页面中运行的服务器端JavaScript).(event of the bottom frame to execute some JavaScript code to play back a scenario. It’s implemented in script only (client-side JavaScript running in Internet Explorer and server-side JavaScript running in ASP pages).)

因此,Web Replay 2为您提供了(As a consequence, Web Replay 2 gives you)*完全访问Microsoft Internet Explorer文档对象模型(DOM)(full access to the Microsoft Internet Explorer Document Object Model (DOM))*在您的方案文件中.并且由于该场景是JavaScript程序,因此您几乎可以实现任何测试用例.(within your scenario files. And since the scenario is a JavaScript program, you can implement virtually any test case.)

使用功能(Using the function) WebReplay_Navigate()(WebReplay_Navigate()) ,您可以调用服务器端代码在测试用例上实现前提条件和后置条件(例如,建立数据库或检查创建/修改的记录是否正确).(, you can call the server-side code to implement pre-conditions and post-conditions on your test cases (e.g. setting up a database or checking whether the created/modified records are correct).)

使用代码(Using the code)

Web重播提供以下功能:(Web Replay provides the following features:)

从JavaScript文件重播场景.(Replay scenarios from a JavaScript file.)
支持Microsoft Internet Explorer支持的所有功能(包括Windows集成身份验证).(Support every feature supported by Microsoft Internet Explorer (includes Windows Integrated Authentication).)
支持HTML表单,HTML输入元素,HTML超链接(锚).(Support HTML forms, HTML input elements, HTML hyperlinks (anchors).)
支持(Support)对JavaScript中可用的HTML元素的任何操作(any action on HTML elements available in JavaScript)(改变价值,引发事件等).((changing value, raising events, etc…).)
支持未命名的HTML元素:可以找到具有关联值和/或innerText和/或HREF的元素(可以基于ANY属性的值找到HTML元素).(Support unnamed HTML elements: elements can be found with their associated value and/or innerText and/or HREF (an HTML element can be found based on the value of ANY attribute).)
支持动态生成的网站(客户端):如果您的网站在浏览器中生成HTML(使用JavaScript命令,例如"(Support dynamically-generated Web Sites (client-side): If your web site generates HTML within the browser (using JavaScript’s commands like “) document.write “),Web Replay 2仍然可以播放给定场景-它使用超时机制来查找动态生成的控件.("), Web Replay 2 can still play back a given scenario - it uses a timeout mecanism to find the dynamically-generated controls.)
基于JavaScript正则表达式模式匹配来检测HTTP错误和/或应用程序错误.(Detect HTTP errors and/or Application errors based on JavaScript regular expression pattern matching.)
支持简单的对话框("(Support simple dialog boxes (") 警报(alert) “和”(” and “) 确认(confirm) “方法).网络重播会覆盖(” methods). Web Replay overrides the) window.alert 和(and) window.confirm 具有实现场景播放的自定义实现的方法.(methods with custom implementations which handles scenario playback.)
仅适用于同一域中的服务器的重播方案(被测试的网站必须与Web Replay应用程序位于同一域中).这是由于Internet Explorer(跨站点脚本)中的安全限制所致.有关此限制的更多信息,请参考以下MSDN文章:(Replay scenarios for servers on the same domain only (the tested web site must be on the same domain as the Web Replay application). This is due to a security limitation in Internet Explorer (cross-site scripting). For more on this limitation, please refer to the following MSDN articles:)
- 安全注意事项:动态HTML(Security Considerations: Dynamic HTML)
- 关于跨框架脚本编制和安全性(About Cross-Frame Scripting and Security)

一个JavaScript方案文件包含一个名为的函数的定义(A JavaScript scenario file consists of a definition of a function named) WebReplayScenario(); 它看起来像这样:(it looks like this:)

function WebReplayScenario()
{
  switch (gintState)
  {
    case 0:
      // Open a web page (LOCALHOST only due 
      // to cross-site scripting limitations)
      <A href="http://perso.wanadoo.fr/replay.grasse/freeware/WebReplay2/WebReplay2/WebReplaySDK.htm#WebReplay_Navigate" target=_blank>WebReplay_Navigate</A>(
        "http://localhost/WebReplay2/WebReplay2Scenario1_step1.asp");
      break;

    case 1:
      // Type in some text in a form field
      <A href="http://perso.wanadoo.fr/replay.grasse/freeware/WebReplay2/WebReplay2/WebReplaySDK.htm#WebReplay_SimulateTextInput" target=_blank>WebReplay_SimulateTextInput</A>("Text1", "NewValue1");
      break;

    case 2:
      // Submit form by clicking on a submit button
      <A href="http://perso.wanadoo.fr/replay.grasse/freeware/WebReplay2/WebReplay2/WebReplaySDK.htm#WebReplay_SimulateHTMLElementClick" target=_blank>WebReplay_SimulateHTMLElementClick</A>("OK");
      break;

    default:
      // Automatically exit from scenario
      <A href="http://perso.wanadoo.fr/replay.grasse/freeware/WebReplay2/WebReplay2/WebReplaySDK.htm#WebReplay_SetStateNext" target=_blank>WebReplay_SetStateNext</A>(-1);
      break;
  }
}

该功能实现了(This function implements a)状态机(state-machine)基于全局变量(based on the global variable) gintState ;每次请求的操作成功(例如,单击按钮)时,状态都会增加1(状态从0开始).状态设置为(; every time the requested action is successful (e.g. clicking on a button), the state is increased by 1 (state starts at 0). The state is set to)-1(-1)方案完成时.如果发生任何错误,则将状态设置为(when the scenario is finished. In case of any error, the state is set to)-2(-2).(.)

实用功能(The utility function) WebReplayScenarioAuto()(WebReplayScenarioAuto()) 可以简化构建方案的过程-其输入是简单的状态数组(状态机已经实现-无需管理状态机(can ease the process of building scenario - its input is a simple array of states (the state-machine is already implemented - no need to manage the) switch 和州号):(and state numbers):)

function WebReplayScenario()
{
   <A href="http://perso.wanadoo.fr/replay.grasse/freeware/WebReplay2/WebReplay2/WebReplaySDK.htm#WebReplayScenarioAuto" target=_blank>WebReplayScenarioAuto</A>(
     [
       // State 1: Navigate to the test Page 
       // (uses an anonymous function definition)
       [ null, function () { <A href="http://perso.wanadoo.fr/replay.grasse/freeware/WebReplay2/WebReplay2/WebReplaySDK.htm#WebReplay_Navigate" target=_blank>
         WebReplay_Navigate</A>(
          "http://localhost/WebReplay2/WebReplay2Scenario1_step1.asp") }], 

       // State 2: Type in some text in a form field named Text1
       [ "Text1", "NewValue1" ], 

       // State 3: Submit form by clicking on a submit button named "OK"
       [ "OK" ], 

       // State 4: Type in some text in a form field named Text21
       [ "Text1", "NewValue2" ], 

       // State 5: Submit form by clicking on a submit button named "OK"
       [ "OK" ], 

       // State 6: Wait for next page's title: 
       // <h2>Form Submit Debugger</h2>
       // Set state to -1 (end) when the control is found.
       [ null, function () { <A href="http://perso.wanadoo.fr/replay.grasse/freeware/WebReplay2/WebReplay2/WebReplaySDK.htm#WebReplay_WaitForHTMLControl" target=_blank>
            WebReplay_WaitForHTMLControl</A>("h2", "innerText", 
                                         "Form Submit Debugger", -1) } ]

     ]
   );
}

一种(A) 完整的JavaScript SDK(complete JavaScript SDK) 可用于构建方案文件;当然,您可以使用自己的JavaScript代码扩展SDK …(is available to build the scenario files; and of course, you can extend the SDK with your own JavaScript code…)

要构建场景文件,您需要基本了解Web应用程序中HTML元素的名称(或ID)(使用函数(To build a scenario file, you need to basically know the names (or ids) of the HTML elements within your web application (using the function) WebReplay_FindHTMLControlWithName(WebReplay_FindHTMLControlWithName) ).或者,您可以使用控件的内容(文本)与其进行交互(使用功能(). Alternatively, you can use the content (text) of a control to interact with it (using functions) WebReplay_FindAnchorWithText(WebReplay_FindAnchorWithText) ,(,) WebReplay_FindButtonWithText(WebReplay_FindButtonWithText) , 要么(, or) WebReplay_FindHTMLControlFromText(WebReplay_FindHTMLControlFromText) ).().)

您可以使用以下三个功能与HTML控件进行交互:(You can interact with the HTML controls using these three functions:)

WebReplay_SimulateCheckboxInput(WebReplay_SimulateCheckboxInput) :选中或取消选中(: to check or uncheck a) Checkbox 控制.(control.)
WebReplay_SimulateHTMLElementClick(WebReplay_SimulateHTMLElementClick) :单击任何控件.(: to click on any control.)
WebReplay_SimulateTextInput(WebReplay_SimulateTextInput) :在文本输入中键入一些文本.(: to type some text in a text input.)

兴趣点(Points of interest)

尽管是完全重写(v2.1与(Although it’s a complete re-write (v2.1 has nothing to do with) 网络重播v1.0(Web Replay v1.0) ),TODO清单仍然很长.(), the TODO list is still long.)

Web Replay 2 TODO列表(Web Replay 2 TODO list)

自动记录方案文件.(Automated recording of scenario files.)
多次播放场景(甚至无限循环以对您的Web应用程序进行压力测试).(Play scenarios multiple times (even infinite loops to stress-test your web application).)
批量播放场景文件.(Batch playback of scenario files.)
支持身份验证(NTLM,基本,https)和多个登录帐户.(Support authentication (NTLM, basic, https) and multiple login accounts.)
支持框架(多框架文档)或顶级框架网站.一些网站,例如(Support FRAMES (multi-frame documents) or top-FRAME web sites. Some web sites, like) 代码项目(CodeProject) ,请使用一段JavaScript来确保在顶级框架中对其进行查看; Web Replay 2与这些网站不兼容…(, use a piece of JavaScript to make sure that they are viewed within a top-level frame; Web Replay 2 is incompatible with those sites…)
使用事件日志文件(csv格式？)进行错误/跟踪/调试.(Use event log file (csv format?) for errors/tracing/debugging.)
支持复杂的对话框(基于方法(Support complex dialog boxes (based on methods) window.open(window.open) ,(,) window.showModalDialog(window.showModalDialog) 和/或(and/or) window.showModelessDialog(window.showModelessDialog) ).().)

历史(History)

2005-08-19,08:09:13 +0200(ven.,19août2005)-V2.1.(2005-08-19, 08:09:13 +0200 (ven., 19 août 2005) - V2.1.)

许可

本文以及所有相关的源代码和文件均已获得The Code Project Open License (CPOL)的许可。

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